Sunday, March 27, 2005
Monday, March 21, 2005
Sunday, March 13, 2005
Sunday, March 06, 2005
1st Semester Residency Review
Good luck!!!
J. Gibney
1st Sem Exam
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. The prefix kilo- means ____.
a. 1,000 b. 100 c. 0.01 d. 0.001
____ 2. The prefix milli- means ____.
a. 1,000 b. 100 c. 0.01 d. 0.001
____ 3. How many meters are there in 1,865 cm? (Use the metric conversion ladder to help yourself!!)
a. 0.1865 b. 1.865 c. 18.65 d. 186.5
____ 4. A beaker contains 0.32 L of water. What is the volume of this water in milliliters?
a. 320 mL b. 3.2 mL c. 32 mL d. 0.32 mL
____ 5. When designing an experiment, the first step is to ____.
a. analyze the data b. list a procedure c. state a hypothesis d. state the problem
____ 6. A standard for comparison that helps to ensure that the experimental result is caused by the condition being tested is the ____.
a. constant b. control c. dependent variable d. hypothesis
____ 7. A factor that does NOT change in an experiment is the ____.
a. constant b. control c. dependent variable d. hypothesis
____ 8. A factor that is manipulated in an experiment to change the dependent variable is the ____.
a. constant b. dependent variable c. control d. independent variable
____ 9. If you ride your bicycle down a straight road for 500 m then turn around and ride back, your distance is ____ your displacement.
a. greater than b. equal to c. less than d. can’t determine
____ 10. Motion is a change in ____.
a. time b. speed c. velocity d. position
____ 11. The speed you read on a speedometer is ____.
a. instantaneous speed b. constant speed c. average speed d. velocity
____ 12. 3 m/s north is an example of a(n) ____.
a. speed b. velocity c. position d. acceleration
____ 13. A merry-go-round horse moves at a constant speed but at a changing ____.
a. velocity b. balanced force c. inertia d. unbalanced force
____ 14. Acceleration is rate of change of ____.
a. position b. time c. velocity d. force
____ 15. Newton's first law of motion is also called the law of ____.
a. mass b. inertia c. force d. constant velocity
____ 16. The upward force on an object falling through the air is ____.
a. air resistance b. inertia c. momentum d. terminal velocity
____ 17. A feather will fall through the air more slowly than a brick because of ____.
a. air resistance b. gravity c. inertia d. momentum
____ 18. When an object moves in a circular path, it accelerates toward the center of the circle as a result of ____.
a. centripetal force b. frictional force c. gravitational force d. momentum
____ 19. As you get farther from the center of Earth, your weight will ____.
a. decrease b. increase c. remain the same d. can't tell from information given
____ 20. When a force is exerted on a box, an equal and opposite force is exerted by the box. These forces are called ____ forces.
a. action-reaction b. centripetal c. frictional d. gravitational
____ 21. A real car moving at 10 km/h has more momentum than a toy car moving at the same speed because the real car ____.
a. generates less friction b. has greater mass c. has less mass d. has greater forward motion
____ 22. The statement "to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction" is ____.
a. the law of conservation of momentum b. Newton's first law of motion c. Newton's second law of motion d. Newton's third law of motion
____ 23. A 300-N force acts on a 25-kg object. The acceleration of the object is ____.
a. 7,500 m/s2 b. 300 m/s2 c. 25 m/s2 d. 12 m/s2
____ 24. The kinetic energy of an object increases as its ____ increases.
a. gravitational energy b. potential energy c. specific heat d. velocity
____ 25. Increasing the speed of an object ____ its potential energy.
a. does not affect b. increases c. decreases d. changes
____ 26. You can calculate kinetic energy by using the equation ____.
a. KE (J) = m (kg) ´ 9.8 m/s2 ´ h (m) b. KE (J) = w (m) ´ h (m) c. KE (J) = 1/2 m (kg) ´ v2 (m2/s2) d. KE (J) = 9.8 m/s2 ´ 1/2 m (kg)
____ 27. You can calculate gravitational potential energy by using the equation ____.
a. GPE (J) = 1/2m (kg) ´ 1/2h (m) b. GPE (J) = m (kg) ´ 9.8 m/s2 ´ h (m) c. GPE (J) = h (m) ´ 9.8 m/s2 d. GPE (J) = 1/2h (m) ´ w (m)
____ 28. According to the law of conservation of energy, the total amount of energy in the universe ____.
a. remains constant b. changes constantly c. increases d. decreases
____ 29. When you squeeze together the coils of a spring and then release them, you are creating a ____ wave.
a. transverse b. compressional c. water d. seismic
____ 30. Water waves are ____.
a. transverse waves b. compressional waves c. seismic waves d. both a and b
____ 31. Seismic waves are ____ waves.
a. transverse b. compressional c. uniform d. both a and b
____ 32. Wave A carries more energy than wave B. Wave B has a smaller ____ than wave A.
a. frequency b. wavelength c. amplitude d. speed
____ 33. The energy a wave carries is measured by its ____.
a. wavelength b. frequency c. amplitude d. speed
____ 34. For the Doppler effect to occur, ____.
a. the sound source must be moving b. the listener must be moving c. both source and listener must be moving d. either source or listener must be moving
____ 35. Electromagnetic waves ____.
a. are compressional waves b. are transverse waves c. must have a medium d. are generated by static electricity
____ 36. The ____ is the particle that carries radiant energy.
a. proton b. photon c. neutron d. electron
____ 37. Electromagnetic radiation with the shortest wavelengths is ____.
a. gamma rays b. ultraviolet waves c. radio waves d. infrared waves
____ 38. The electromagnetic waves with wavelengths slightly longer than visible light are ____.
a. microwaves b. infrared waves c. ultraviolet waves d. X rays
____ 39. The frequency of purple light is ____ that of yellow light.
a. higher than b. lower than c. the same as d. faster than
____ 40. ____ are used for medical imaging.
a. Ultraviolet waves b. Infrared waves c. X rays d. Gamma rays
____ 41. Your body needs ____ to make vitamin D.
a. infrared waves b. microwaves c. visible light waves d. ultraviolet waves
____ 42. Alicia wants to study the effect of light on the growth of bean seedlings. How should she set up her experiment?
a. She should grow ten bean seedlings in a lighted area. b. She should grow ten bean seedlings in a dark area. c. She should grow five bean seedlings in a lighted area and five radish seedlings in a dark area. d. She should grow five bean seedlings in a lighted area and five bean seedlings in a dark area.
____ 43. Sound travels in a ____ wave.
a. transverse b. compressional c. surface d. inverted
____ 44. The speed of sound in ____ is greater than the speed of sound in water.
a. air b. steel c. cork d. water vapor
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. A
10. D
11. A
12. B
13. A
14. C
15. B
16. A
17. A
18. A
19. A
20. A
21. B
22. D
23. D
24. D
25. A
26. C
27. B
28. A
29. B
30. D
31. D
32. C
33. C
34. D
35. B
36. B
37. A
38. B
39. A
40. C
41. D
42. D
43. B
44. B
Phys Sci Question
Short Answer
1. Arrange each of the following in order from largest to smallest.
1. centimeter
2. kilometers
3. meters
4. micrometers
5. millimeters
2. Two cars start at the same point and drive in a straight line for 5 km. At the end of the drive their distances are the same but their displacements are different. Explain.
3. Two cars are traveling along the same road at the same speed but at different velocities. Explain.
4. A car is driving down a road. Is it possible for its position to be changing and its acceleration to be zero? Is it possible for its velocity to be changing and its acceleration to be zero?
5. A car has an acceleration of –5 m/s2. Describe the car’s motion.
6. If two equal forces act on an object in opposite directions, what is the net force? What is the acceleration?
7. Why is it necessary to wear a seat belt to hold you in place if you are riding in a car that stops suddenly?
8. Sally sits on a rock. Her weight is an action force. Describe its reaction force.
9. Explain how mass and weight are different from each other.
10. Why is your weight less on the Moon than on Earth, but your mass is the same?
11. Which body processes are fueled by chemical potential energy?
12. Is it possible for a ball to have both kinetic energy and potential energy at the same time? Explain.
13. Explain the changes in energy when a child slides down a sliding board.
14. How does the child's ride on the slide change if the slide is lubricated with water to make it slippery?
15. A dump truck, a sports car, and a bicycle are traveling at the same velocity. Compare their kinetic energies.
16. How is the amplitude of a compressional wave determined?
17. You shake the end of a rope to make a wave. You start shaking the rope a greater distance but at the same speed. How are the wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed affected?
18. Describe how sound is produced and how it travels through a medium.
19. We get light from the Sun, but we never hear the explosions that take place on the Sun. Why?
20. As the frequency of an electromagnetic wave increases, how are the wavelength, amplitude, and speed affected?
Problem
21. A cross-country runner runs 10 km in 40 minutes. What is his average speed?
22. A high speed train travels with an average speed of 227 km/h. The train travels for 2 h. How far does the train travel?
23. Find the acceleration of a car that goes from 32 m/s to 96 m/s in 8.0 s.
24. A 10-kg wagon has a speed of 25 m/s. What is its momentum?
25. Calculate the force on an object that has a mass of 12 kg and an acceleration of 4 m/s2.
26. An 18-kg bicycle carrying a 62-kg girl is traveling at a speed of 7 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the girl and bicycle?
27. A 70-kg boy is sitting 3 m from the ground in a tree. What is his gravitational potential energy?
28. A 90-kg ceiling light is suspended 4 m above the floor. What is its gravitational potential energy?
Phys Sci Question
Answer Section
SHORT ANSWER
1. ANS:
2, 3, 1, 5, 4
2. ANS:
The two cars drove in different directions.
3. ANS:
The two cars are traveling in different directions.
4. ANS:
Yes, it could have constant speed. No, a change in velocity is always an acceleration.
5. ANS:
The car is slowing down at the rate of 5 m/s every second.
6. ANS:
0, 0
7. ANS:
A seat belt helps to minimize injury from the inertia that keeps your body moving forward.
8. ANS:
The rock supplies an upward reaction force on Sally equal to her weight.
9. ANS:
Mass measures the amount of matter; weight measures the force of gravity on the matter.
10. ANS:
Your mass is the same because you didn't change the amount of matter, but the gravitational force decreased, decreasing your weight.
11. ANS:
heartbeat, digestion, warmth, movement
12. ANS:
a ball on a desk has potential energy; as it falls, it has both potential energy and kinetic energy
13. ANS:
At the top, he has 100% potential energy. As he slides, potential energy changes to kinetic energy and thermal energy because of friction. At the bottom of the slide his energy has transformed entirely into kinetic energy and thermal energy.
14. ANS:
Friction is decreased so more potential energy changes to kinetic energy without being lost to thermal energy. The child's ride is faster.
15. ANS:
Kinetic energy is based on mass and velocity. Given equal velocity, the dump truck has the most mass, so it has the most kinetic energy. The sports car would be next, and the bicycle last.
16. ANS:
It is determined by the density of the medium at the compressions.
17. ANS:
wavelength, frequency, and speed remain the same; amplitude increases
18. ANS:
Sound is produced by the vibration of an object. The vibrating object collides with nearby molecules transferring energy to them. These molecules collide with other molecules transferring the sound through the medium.
19. ANS:
Light can travel without a medium, but sound cannot. There is no medium between Earth and the Sun.
20. ANS:
The wavelength decreases; the amplitude and speed are not affected.
PROBLEM
21. ANS:
s = d/t = 10 km/40 min = 0.25 km/min
22. ANS:
d = s ´ y = 227 km/h ´ (2.00 h) = 454 km
23. ANS:
vf – vi/t = (96 m/s – 32 m/s)/ 8.0 s = 8.0 m/s2
24. ANS:
250 kg ´ m/s
p = mv = 10 kg ´ 25 m/s = 250 kg ´ m/s
25. ANS:
48 N
F = ma = 12 kg ´ 4 m/s2 = 48 kg ´ m/s2 = 48 N
26. ANS:
1/2 mv2 = 1/2 (18 + 62)(7)2 = 1,960 J
27. ANS:
(m)(9.8)(h) = (70)(9.8)(3) = 2,058 J
28. ANS:
(m)(9.8)(h) = (90)(9.8)(4) = 3,528 J
J. Gibney
1st Sem Exam
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. The prefix kilo- means ____.
a. 1,000 b. 100 c. 0.01 d. 0.001
____ 2. The prefix milli- means ____.
a. 1,000 b. 100 c. 0.01 d. 0.001
____ 3. How many meters are there in 1,865 cm? (Use the metric conversion ladder to help yourself!!)
a. 0.1865 b. 1.865 c. 18.65 d. 186.5
____ 4. A beaker contains 0.32 L of water. What is the volume of this water in milliliters?
a. 320 mL b. 3.2 mL c. 32 mL d. 0.32 mL
____ 5. When designing an experiment, the first step is to ____.
a. analyze the data b. list a procedure c. state a hypothesis d. state the problem
____ 6. A standard for comparison that helps to ensure that the experimental result is caused by the condition being tested is the ____.
a. constant b. control c. dependent variable d. hypothesis
____ 7. A factor that does NOT change in an experiment is the ____.
a. constant b. control c. dependent variable d. hypothesis
____ 8. A factor that is manipulated in an experiment to change the dependent variable is the ____.
a. constant b. dependent variable c. control d. independent variable
____ 9. If you ride your bicycle down a straight road for 500 m then turn around and ride back, your distance is ____ your displacement.
a. greater than b. equal to c. less than d. can’t determine
____ 10. Motion is a change in ____.
a. time b. speed c. velocity d. position
____ 11. The speed you read on a speedometer is ____.
a. instantaneous speed b. constant speed c. average speed d. velocity
____ 12. 3 m/s north is an example of a(n) ____.
a. speed b. velocity c. position d. acceleration
____ 13. A merry-go-round horse moves at a constant speed but at a changing ____.
a. velocity b. balanced force c. inertia d. unbalanced force
____ 14. Acceleration is rate of change of ____.
a. position b. time c. velocity d. force
____ 15. Newton's first law of motion is also called the law of ____.
a. mass b. inertia c. force d. constant velocity
____ 16. The upward force on an object falling through the air is ____.
a. air resistance b. inertia c. momentum d. terminal velocity
____ 17. A feather will fall through the air more slowly than a brick because of ____.
a. air resistance b. gravity c. inertia d. momentum
____ 18. When an object moves in a circular path, it accelerates toward the center of the circle as a result of ____.
a. centripetal force b. frictional force c. gravitational force d. momentum
____ 19. As you get farther from the center of Earth, your weight will ____.
a. decrease b. increase c. remain the same d. can't tell from information given
____ 20. When a force is exerted on a box, an equal and opposite force is exerted by the box. These forces are called ____ forces.
a. action-reaction b. centripetal c. frictional d. gravitational
____ 21. A real car moving at 10 km/h has more momentum than a toy car moving at the same speed because the real car ____.
a. generates less friction b. has greater mass c. has less mass d. has greater forward motion
____ 22. The statement "to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction" is ____.
a. the law of conservation of momentum b. Newton's first law of motion c. Newton's second law of motion d. Newton's third law of motion
____ 23. A 300-N force acts on a 25-kg object. The acceleration of the object is ____.
a. 7,500 m/s2 b. 300 m/s2 c. 25 m/s2 d. 12 m/s2
____ 24. The kinetic energy of an object increases as its ____ increases.
a. gravitational energy b. potential energy c. specific heat d. velocity
____ 25. Increasing the speed of an object ____ its potential energy.
a. does not affect b. increases c. decreases d. changes
____ 26. You can calculate kinetic energy by using the equation ____.
a. KE (J) = m (kg) ´ 9.8 m/s2 ´ h (m) b. KE (J) = w (m) ´ h (m) c. KE (J) = 1/2 m (kg) ´ v2 (m2/s2) d. KE (J) = 9.8 m/s2 ´ 1/2 m (kg)
____ 27. You can calculate gravitational potential energy by using the equation ____.
a. GPE (J) = 1/2m (kg) ´ 1/2h (m) b. GPE (J) = m (kg) ´ 9.8 m/s2 ´ h (m) c. GPE (J) = h (m) ´ 9.8 m/s2 d. GPE (J) = 1/2h (m) ´ w (m)
____ 28. According to the law of conservation of energy, the total amount of energy in the universe ____.
a. remains constant b. changes constantly c. increases d. decreases
____ 29. When you squeeze together the coils of a spring and then release them, you are creating a ____ wave.
a. transverse b. compressional c. water d. seismic
____ 30. Water waves are ____.
a. transverse waves b. compressional waves c. seismic waves d. both a and b
____ 31. Seismic waves are ____ waves.
a. transverse b. compressional c. uniform d. both a and b
____ 32. Wave A carries more energy than wave B. Wave B has a smaller ____ than wave A.
a. frequency b. wavelength c. amplitude d. speed
____ 33. The energy a wave carries is measured by its ____.
a. wavelength b. frequency c. amplitude d. speed
____ 34. For the Doppler effect to occur, ____.
a. the sound source must be moving b. the listener must be moving c. both source and listener must be moving d. either source or listener must be moving
____ 35. Electromagnetic waves ____.
a. are compressional waves b. are transverse waves c. must have a medium d. are generated by static electricity
____ 36. The ____ is the particle that carries radiant energy.
a. proton b. photon c. neutron d. electron
____ 37. Electromagnetic radiation with the shortest wavelengths is ____.
a. gamma rays b. ultraviolet waves c. radio waves d. infrared waves
____ 38. The electromagnetic waves with wavelengths slightly longer than visible light are ____.
a. microwaves b. infrared waves c. ultraviolet waves d. X rays
____ 39. The frequency of purple light is ____ that of yellow light.
a. higher than b. lower than c. the same as d. faster than
____ 40. ____ are used for medical imaging.
a. Ultraviolet waves b. Infrared waves c. X rays d. Gamma rays
____ 41. Your body needs ____ to make vitamin D.
a. infrared waves b. microwaves c. visible light waves d. ultraviolet waves
____ 42. Alicia wants to study the effect of light on the growth of bean seedlings. How should she set up her experiment?
a. She should grow ten bean seedlings in a lighted area. b. She should grow ten bean seedlings in a dark area. c. She should grow five bean seedlings in a lighted area and five radish seedlings in a dark area. d. She should grow five bean seedlings in a lighted area and five bean seedlings in a dark area.
____ 43. Sound travels in a ____ wave.
a. transverse b. compressional c. surface d. inverted
____ 44. The speed of sound in ____ is greater than the speed of sound in water.
a. air b. steel c. cork d. water vapor
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. A
10. D
11. A
12. B
13. A
14. C
15. B
16. A
17. A
18. A
19. A
20. A
21. B
22. D
23. D
24. D
25. A
26. C
27. B
28. A
29. B
30. D
31. D
32. C
33. C
34. D
35. B
36. B
37. A
38. B
39. A
40. C
41. D
42. D
43. B
44. B
Phys Sci Question
Short Answer
1. Arrange each of the following in order from largest to smallest.
1. centimeter
2. kilometers
3. meters
4. micrometers
5. millimeters
2. Two cars start at the same point and drive in a straight line for 5 km. At the end of the drive their distances are the same but their displacements are different. Explain.
3. Two cars are traveling along the same road at the same speed but at different velocities. Explain.
4. A car is driving down a road. Is it possible for its position to be changing and its acceleration to be zero? Is it possible for its velocity to be changing and its acceleration to be zero?
5. A car has an acceleration of –5 m/s2. Describe the car’s motion.
6. If two equal forces act on an object in opposite directions, what is the net force? What is the acceleration?
7. Why is it necessary to wear a seat belt to hold you in place if you are riding in a car that stops suddenly?
8. Sally sits on a rock. Her weight is an action force. Describe its reaction force.
9. Explain how mass and weight are different from each other.
10. Why is your weight less on the Moon than on Earth, but your mass is the same?
11. Which body processes are fueled by chemical potential energy?
12. Is it possible for a ball to have both kinetic energy and potential energy at the same time? Explain.
13. Explain the changes in energy when a child slides down a sliding board.
14. How does the child's ride on the slide change if the slide is lubricated with water to make it slippery?
15. A dump truck, a sports car, and a bicycle are traveling at the same velocity. Compare their kinetic energies.
16. How is the amplitude of a compressional wave determined?
17. You shake the end of a rope to make a wave. You start shaking the rope a greater distance but at the same speed. How are the wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed affected?
18. Describe how sound is produced and how it travels through a medium.
19. We get light from the Sun, but we never hear the explosions that take place on the Sun. Why?
20. As the frequency of an electromagnetic wave increases, how are the wavelength, amplitude, and speed affected?
Problem
21. A cross-country runner runs 10 km in 40 minutes. What is his average speed?
22. A high speed train travels with an average speed of 227 km/h. The train travels for 2 h. How far does the train travel?
23. Find the acceleration of a car that goes from 32 m/s to 96 m/s in 8.0 s.
24. A 10-kg wagon has a speed of 25 m/s. What is its momentum?
25. Calculate the force on an object that has a mass of 12 kg and an acceleration of 4 m/s2.
26. An 18-kg bicycle carrying a 62-kg girl is traveling at a speed of 7 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the girl and bicycle?
27. A 70-kg boy is sitting 3 m from the ground in a tree. What is his gravitational potential energy?
28. A 90-kg ceiling light is suspended 4 m above the floor. What is its gravitational potential energy?
Phys Sci Question
Answer Section
SHORT ANSWER
1. ANS:
2, 3, 1, 5, 4
2. ANS:
The two cars drove in different directions.
3. ANS:
The two cars are traveling in different directions.
4. ANS:
Yes, it could have constant speed. No, a change in velocity is always an acceleration.
5. ANS:
The car is slowing down at the rate of 5 m/s every second.
6. ANS:
0, 0
7. ANS:
A seat belt helps to minimize injury from the inertia that keeps your body moving forward.
8. ANS:
The rock supplies an upward reaction force on Sally equal to her weight.
9. ANS:
Mass measures the amount of matter; weight measures the force of gravity on the matter.
10. ANS:
Your mass is the same because you didn't change the amount of matter, but the gravitational force decreased, decreasing your weight.
11. ANS:
heartbeat, digestion, warmth, movement
12. ANS:
a ball on a desk has potential energy; as it falls, it has both potential energy and kinetic energy
13. ANS:
At the top, he has 100% potential energy. As he slides, potential energy changes to kinetic energy and thermal energy because of friction. At the bottom of the slide his energy has transformed entirely into kinetic energy and thermal energy.
14. ANS:
Friction is decreased so more potential energy changes to kinetic energy without being lost to thermal energy. The child's ride is faster.
15. ANS:
Kinetic energy is based on mass and velocity. Given equal velocity, the dump truck has the most mass, so it has the most kinetic energy. The sports car would be next, and the bicycle last.
16. ANS:
It is determined by the density of the medium at the compressions.
17. ANS:
wavelength, frequency, and speed remain the same; amplitude increases
18. ANS:
Sound is produced by the vibration of an object. The vibrating object collides with nearby molecules transferring energy to them. These molecules collide with other molecules transferring the sound through the medium.
19. ANS:
Light can travel without a medium, but sound cannot. There is no medium between Earth and the Sun.
20. ANS:
The wavelength decreases; the amplitude and speed are not affected.
PROBLEM
21. ANS:
s = d/t = 10 km/40 min = 0.25 km/min
22. ANS:
d = s ´ y = 227 km/h ´ (2.00 h) = 454 km
23. ANS:
vf – vi/t = (96 m/s – 32 m/s)/ 8.0 s = 8.0 m/s2
24. ANS:
250 kg ´ m/s
p = mv = 10 kg ´ 25 m/s = 250 kg ´ m/s
25. ANS:
48 N
F = ma = 12 kg ´ 4 m/s2 = 48 kg ´ m/s2 = 48 N
26. ANS:
1/2 mv2 = 1/2 (18 + 62)(7)2 = 1,960 J
27. ANS:
(m)(9.8)(h) = (70)(9.8)(3) = 2,058 J
28. ANS:
(m)(9.8)(h) = (90)(9.8)(4) = 3,528 J
