Friday, December 17, 2004
Phys Study Guide
Phys Study Guide: Complete this Review and You will ROCK this Celebration!!
Multiple Choice
____ 1. Matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape is a ____.
a. gas b. liquid c. plasma d. solid
____ 2. Matter in which atoms are tightly held in place is a ____.
a. gas b. liquid c. plasma d. solid
____ 3. A gas-like mixture with no definite volume or shape that is made up of positively and negatively charged particles is a ____.
a. gas b. liquid c. plasma d. solid
____ 4. Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a ____.
a. gas b. liquid c. plasma d. solid
____ 5. Matter in which the particles are free to move in all directions until they have spread evenly throughout their container is a ____.
a. gas b. liquid c. plasma d. solid
____ 6. Most matter ____ when heated.
a. condenses b. contracts c. expands d. solidifies
____ 7. The amount of energy needed to change a material from a solid to a liquid is called the heat of ____.
a. condensation b. evaporation c. fusion d. vaporization
____ 8. The amount of energy needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas is called the heat of ____.
a. condensation b. evaporation c. fusion d. vaporization
____ 9. As a sample of matter is heated, its particles ____.
a. are unaffected b. move more quickly c. move more slowly d. stop moving
____ 10. The most common state of matter in the universe is ____.
a. gas b. liquid c. plasma d. solid
____ 11. The idea that matter is made up of small particles that are in constant motion is ____.
a. Bernoulli’s principle b. heat of fusion c. Charles’s law d. the kinetic theory of matter
____ 12. The particles that make up a solid move ____ than do the particles that make up a gas.
a. in the same way b. more quickly c. more quickly and farther d. mores slowly
____ 13. A fluid’s resistance to flow is called ____.
a. viscosity b. fluid pressure c. buoyancy d. stickiness
____ 14. As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of the gas will ____ if the pressure remains the same.
a. decrease b. increase c. remain the same d. contract
____ 15. As the volume of a gas decreases, the pressure of the gas will ____ if the temperature remains the same.
a. decrease b. increase c. remain the same d. contract
____ 16. Three examples of physical change are ____.
a. boiling of water, bursting of a balloon, and crumpling a piece of paper b. burning of gasoline, rotting of an egg, and exploding fireworks c. freezing of water, evaporation of gasoline, and rusting a nail d. sawing of wood, crushing a can, and toasting a marshmallow
____ 17. Fog is an example of a ____.
a. colloid b. compound c. solution d. substance
____ 18. When a log burns in a fire, ____.
a. a physical change has occurred b. mass is gained c. mass is lost d. new substances are formed
____ 19. Each inner energy level of an atom has a maximum number of ____ it can hold.
a. electrons b. neutrons c. quarks d. protons
____ 20. Dot diagrams are used to represent ____.
a. atomic numbers b. atomic mass c. isotopes d. outer level electrons
____ 21. Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons are ____.
a. electrons b. isotopes c. quarks d. atoms
____ 22. A chemical symbol represents the ____ of an element.
a. name b. reaction c. group d. structure
____ 23. Horizontal rows of the periodic table are called ____.
a. clusters b. families c. groups d. periods
____ 24. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called ____.
a. isotopes b. metals c. metalloids d. radioactive elements
____ 25. A particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n) ____.
a. electron b. proton c. neutron d. quark
____ 26. A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. Its mass number is ____.
a. 26 b. 30 c. 52 d. 56
____ 27. At room temperature, most metals are ____.
a. gases b. liquids c. radioactive d. solids
____ 28. Elements that lie along the stair-step line of the periodic table are ____.
a. liquids b. metals c. metalloids d. radioactive
____ 29. A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts together as one charged atom is a ____.
a. crystal b. molecule c. negative ion d. polyatomic ion
____ 30. A chemical bond that occurs when atoms share electrons is a(n) ____ bond.
a. covalent b. ionic c. magnetic d. polyatomic
____ 31. How many electrons are needed in the outer energy levels of most atoms for the atom to be chemically stable?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
____ 32. How many hydrogen atoms are present in one molecule of ammonium acetate, NH4C2H3O2?
a. 4 b. 7 c. 11 d. 12
____ 33. How many potassium atoms (K) are in the following: 2K3PO4?
a. 6 b. 5 c. 24 d. booya
____ 34. Substances that conduct an electric current only under certain conditions are most likely to be ____.
a. metals b. metalloids c. noble gases d. nonmetals
____ 35. Metals can be used as wire because they are ____.
a. alloys b. ductile c. metallic d. shiny
____ 36. A compound that is made up only of carbon and hydrogen is called a(n) ____.
a. alcohol b. amino acid c. carbohydrate d. hydrocarbon
____ 37. Compounds that have identical chemical formulas but different molecular structures and shapes are called ____.
a. monomers b. isomers c. isotopes d. polymers
____ 38. In a solution, the substance that is being dissolved is the ____.
a. gas b. liquid c. solute d. solvent
____ 39. A solution that contains all of the solute it can hold at a given temperature is ____.
a. diluted b. saturated c. supersaturated d. unsaturated
____ 40. Increasing the surface area of a solid ____.
a. causes the solid to ionize b. has no effect on the rate of solution c. slows the rate of solution d. speeds the rate of solution
____ 41. A molecule that is positively charged on one end and negatively charged on the other end is ____.
a. a hydrocarbon b. nonpolar c. polar d. radioactive
____ 42. The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature is its ____.
a. concentration b. density c. dilution d. solubility
____ 43. Which of the following will speed up the dissolving of a solid solute in water?
a. Cool the solution. b. Freeze the solute. c. shizzle d. Stir the solution.
____ 44. Each substance on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation is a ____.
a. catalyst b. coefficient c. product d. reactant
____ 45. If heat must be added to a chemical reaction for the reaction to take place, the reaction is ____.
a. balanced b. endothermic c. exothermic d. reactant
____ 46. What type of reaction is shown in the following chemical equation: NH3 + HCl ® NH4Cl?
a. decomposition b. double-displacement c. single-displacement d. synthesis
____ 47. When one element replaces another element in a compound, the reaction is a ____ reaction.
a. decomposition b. double–displacement c. single–displacement d. synthesis
____ 48. A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being permanently changed itself is a(n) ____.
a. catalyst b. coefficient c. inhibitor d. reactant
____ 49. The breaking down of a substance into two or more simpler substances is ____.
a. decomposition b. displacement c. a catalyst d. synthesis
____ 50. Each substance to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation is a(n) ____.
a. catalyst b. inhibitor c. reactant d. product
____ 51. A chemical reaction in which heat energy is released is ____.
a. endothermic b. exothermic c. flammable d. a formula
____ 52. Numbers that precede symbols and formulas in a chemical equation are ____.
a. catalysts b. coefficients c. superscripts d. subscripts
____ 53. According to the law of conservation of mass, how does the mass of the products in a chemical reaction compare to the mass of the reactants?
a. There is no relationship. b. The mass of the products is greater. c. The mass of the reactants is greater. d. The masses are equal.
____ 54. A chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form another substance is called a ____.
a. synthesis reaction b. decomposition reaction c. product d. reactant
____ 55. A process that uses a solution of known concentration to find the concentration of another solution is called ____.
a. hydration b. neutralization c. ionization d. titration
____ 56. A(n) ____ is a substance that produces H+ ions in a water solution.
a. acid b. base c. salt d. alcohol
____ 57. A(n) ____ is a substance that produces OH- ions in a solution.
a. acid b. base c. salt d. alcohol
____ 58. ____ measures how acidic or basic a substance is.
a. An ester b. A base c. pH d. The hydronium ion
____ 59. ____ change color in the presence of an acid or a base.
a. Acids b. Glycerins c. Buffers d. Indicators
____ 60. Coffee has a pH of about 5. Coffee is ____.
a. extremely acidic b. extremely basic c. somewhat acidic d. somewhat basic
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
76. Matter found in stars is in the ____________________ phase.
77. Matter is classified as ____________________ and mixtures.
78. A colloid is a ____________________ mixture.
79. Stirring ____________________ the speed of dissolving of a solid in a liquid.
80. Decreasing temperature ____________________ the speed of dissolving for a gas in a liquid.
Short Answer
81. Explain how to make a good boat. Try to use the formula: density = mass / volume Think about the mini-lab we did on making boats. 1 sentence
82. Explain how a hot-air balloon works using Charles’s law.
83. What will happen to the size of a balloon when it is placed in a freezer? Explain.
84. Explain how you could separate a mixture of sand and iron filings.
85. Compare the masses of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
86. Explain why the periodic table is such a useful tool.
87. Use the periodic table to find the name, atomic number, and the average atomic mass of the following elements: F, O, P, S.
88. Give the period and group for each of the following elements: F, O, P, S.
89. What is the name of each of the following elements, and classify it as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid: Na, Ba, Ca, La, Ti, Al, As, At, Ar.
90. Choose one of the following:
A) Italian salad dressing is vinegar, oil, and spices. Is it a colloid or a suspension if it is a heterogenous mixture that will settle (hint it has sat on a shelf for a week)?
B) Give 2 examples of colloids.
91. Draw a picture showing how molecules are situated in a solid, in a liquid, and in a gas.
92. Explain the difference between malleable and ductile.
93. Explain how the adding of a substance, such as antifreeze, to water decreases the freezing point of the water.
94. Explain why increasing the surface area of a solid solute helps dissolve it more quickly.
95. Explain why cities put salt on icy streets.
96. Explain the difference between an exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction.
97. What type of reaction is 2KClO3 ® 2KCl + 3O2?
98. What type of reaction is 2K + 2H2O ® 2KOH + H2?
99. What type of reaction is 2Mg + O2 ® 2MgO?
100. What type of reaction is Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI ® PbI2 + 2KNO3?
101. What factor determines the strength of an acid or a base?
102. How is a weak acid different from a strong acid?
103. What is a buffer?
104. What is an acid?
105. What is a base?
106. What is pH?
107. Identify the following pHs as a strong base, a weak acid, a weak base, or a strong acid: 2, 5, 8, 11.
108. What is the pH of a solution that is neither acidic nor basic?
Problem
109. Draw the Electron Dot Diagrams for elements number 3 - 10. What does the electron dot diagram show you?
Essay
110. Explain how acid rain forms. Describe the effects of acid rain on buildings, wildlife, and plant life.
Phys Study Guide
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. D
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. C
8. D
9. B
10. C
11. D
12. D
13. A
14. B
15. B
16. A
17. A
18. D
19. A
20. D
21. C
22. A
23. D
24. A
25. A
26. D
27. D
28. C
29. D
30. A
31. D
32. B
33. A
34. B
35. B
36. D
37. B
38. C
39. B
40. D
41. C
42. D
43. D
44. D
45. B
46. D
47. C
48. A
49. A
50. D
51. B
52. B
53. D
54. A
55. D
56. A
57. B
58. C
59. D
60. C
COMPLETION
76. plasma
77. substances
78. heterogeneous
79. increases
80. increases
SHORT ANSWER
81. Your boat must have a density of less than 1. Therefore you need to space out the mass over a large volume
82. Charles’s law—as air is heated, it expands;
83. It shrinks; as the temperature of air decreases, the volume of the air decreases.
84. add water, dissolve sugar, strain out sand, evaporate water to recover sugar
85. The mass of a proton and a neutron are about the same, and the electron is about 1,836 times smaller.
86. It shows the relationship among the elements, and it can be used to predict similarities and differences among the elements.
87. F, fluorine, 9, 18.998; O, oxygen, 8, 15.999; P, phosphorus, 15, 30.974; S, sulfur, 16, 32.066
88. F, period 2, Group 17; O, period 2, Group 16; P, period 3, Group 15; S, period 3, Group 16
89. Na, sodium, metal; Ba, barium, metal; Ca, calcium, metal; La, lanthanum, metal; Ti, titanium, metal; Al, aluminum, metal; As, arsenic, metalloid; At, astatine, metalloid; Ar, argon, nonmetal
90. It is a suspension
See Notes on Colloids
91. Molecules in a solid are relatively fixed in position.
Liquid they float around
Gas they are spaced out a whole bunch!!!
92. malleable—hammered or rolled into a sheet; ductile—drawn into a wire
93. Solute particles of antifreeze interfere with the way water particles organize themselves when freezing, the solution freezes, if cold enough, at the lower freezing point.
94. More molecules of solvent can come into contact with more molecules of the solvent.
95. Salt becomes a solution with the water (ice) and the freezing point of the water decreases preventing ice crystals from forming.
96. exothermic: energy given off in a reaction is primarily in the form of heat; endothermic: when the energy needed for a reaction is in the form of heat
97. decomposition
98. single–displacement
99. synthesis
100. double–displacement
101. how completely a compound separates into ions when dissolved in water
102. weak acid—partly ionizes in solution; strong acid—completely, or almost completely, ionizes in solution
103. a solution containing ions that react with acids or bases to minimize their effects on pH
104. a substance that produces hydrogen ions, H+, in a water solution
105. a substance that forms hydroxide ions, OH-, in a water solution, or any substance that accepts H+ from acids
106. a measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution
107. strong acid—2; weak acid—5; weak base—8; strong base—11
108. 7
PROBLEM
109. vary
ESSAY
110. Acid rain is acidic moisture in the air that falls to the ground as rain. Acidic moisture forms when moisture in the air combines with sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. Sulfur oxides are emissions from coal-burning power plants. Nitrogen oxides are emissions from cars. Because it is acidic, acid rain can corrode structures on the ground, such as statues and buildings. Acid rain is also harmful to some living things. Some plants do not grow well when exposed to acidic water. Animals that cannot live in water that is acidic will die if the acid level gets too high.
Multiple Choice
____ 1. Matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape is a ____.
a. gas b. liquid c. plasma d. solid
____ 2. Matter in which atoms are tightly held in place is a ____.
a. gas b. liquid c. plasma d. solid
____ 3. A gas-like mixture with no definite volume or shape that is made up of positively and negatively charged particles is a ____.
a. gas b. liquid c. plasma d. solid
____ 4. Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a ____.
a. gas b. liquid c. plasma d. solid
____ 5. Matter in which the particles are free to move in all directions until they have spread evenly throughout their container is a ____.
a. gas b. liquid c. plasma d. solid
____ 6. Most matter ____ when heated.
a. condenses b. contracts c. expands d. solidifies
____ 7. The amount of energy needed to change a material from a solid to a liquid is called the heat of ____.
a. condensation b. evaporation c. fusion d. vaporization
____ 8. The amount of energy needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas is called the heat of ____.
a. condensation b. evaporation c. fusion d. vaporization
____ 9. As a sample of matter is heated, its particles ____.
a. are unaffected b. move more quickly c. move more slowly d. stop moving
____ 10. The most common state of matter in the universe is ____.
a. gas b. liquid c. plasma d. solid
____ 11. The idea that matter is made up of small particles that are in constant motion is ____.
a. Bernoulli’s principle b. heat of fusion c. Charles’s law d. the kinetic theory of matter
____ 12. The particles that make up a solid move ____ than do the particles that make up a gas.
a. in the same way b. more quickly c. more quickly and farther d. mores slowly
____ 13. A fluid’s resistance to flow is called ____.
a. viscosity b. fluid pressure c. buoyancy d. stickiness
____ 14. As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of the gas will ____ if the pressure remains the same.
a. decrease b. increase c. remain the same d. contract
____ 15. As the volume of a gas decreases, the pressure of the gas will ____ if the temperature remains the same.
a. decrease b. increase c. remain the same d. contract
____ 16. Three examples of physical change are ____.
a. boiling of water, bursting of a balloon, and crumpling a piece of paper b. burning of gasoline, rotting of an egg, and exploding fireworks c. freezing of water, evaporation of gasoline, and rusting a nail d. sawing of wood, crushing a can, and toasting a marshmallow
____ 17. Fog is an example of a ____.
a. colloid b. compound c. solution d. substance
____ 18. When a log burns in a fire, ____.
a. a physical change has occurred b. mass is gained c. mass is lost d. new substances are formed
____ 19. Each inner energy level of an atom has a maximum number of ____ it can hold.
a. electrons b. neutrons c. quarks d. protons
____ 20. Dot diagrams are used to represent ____.
a. atomic numbers b. atomic mass c. isotopes d. outer level electrons
____ 21. Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons are ____.
a. electrons b. isotopes c. quarks d. atoms
____ 22. A chemical symbol represents the ____ of an element.
a. name b. reaction c. group d. structure
____ 23. Horizontal rows of the periodic table are called ____.
a. clusters b. families c. groups d. periods
____ 24. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called ____.
a. isotopes b. metals c. metalloids d. radioactive elements
____ 25. A particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n) ____.
a. electron b. proton c. neutron d. quark
____ 26. A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. Its mass number is ____.
a. 26 b. 30 c. 52 d. 56
____ 27. At room temperature, most metals are ____.
a. gases b. liquids c. radioactive d. solids
____ 28. Elements that lie along the stair-step line of the periodic table are ____.
a. liquids b. metals c. metalloids d. radioactive
____ 29. A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts together as one charged atom is a ____.
a. crystal b. molecule c. negative ion d. polyatomic ion
____ 30. A chemical bond that occurs when atoms share electrons is a(n) ____ bond.
a. covalent b. ionic c. magnetic d. polyatomic
____ 31. How many electrons are needed in the outer energy levels of most atoms for the atom to be chemically stable?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
____ 32. How many hydrogen atoms are present in one molecule of ammonium acetate, NH4C2H3O2?
a. 4 b. 7 c. 11 d. 12
____ 33. How many potassium atoms (K) are in the following: 2K3PO4?
a. 6 b. 5 c. 24 d. booya
____ 34. Substances that conduct an electric current only under certain conditions are most likely to be ____.
a. metals b. metalloids c. noble gases d. nonmetals
____ 35. Metals can be used as wire because they are ____.
a. alloys b. ductile c. metallic d. shiny
____ 36. A compound that is made up only of carbon and hydrogen is called a(n) ____.
a. alcohol b. amino acid c. carbohydrate d. hydrocarbon
____ 37. Compounds that have identical chemical formulas but different molecular structures and shapes are called ____.
a. monomers b. isomers c. isotopes d. polymers
____ 38. In a solution, the substance that is being dissolved is the ____.
a. gas b. liquid c. solute d. solvent
____ 39. A solution that contains all of the solute it can hold at a given temperature is ____.
a. diluted b. saturated c. supersaturated d. unsaturated
____ 40. Increasing the surface area of a solid ____.
a. causes the solid to ionize b. has no effect on the rate of solution c. slows the rate of solution d. speeds the rate of solution
____ 41. A molecule that is positively charged on one end and negatively charged on the other end is ____.
a. a hydrocarbon b. nonpolar c. polar d. radioactive
____ 42. The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature is its ____.
a. concentration b. density c. dilution d. solubility
____ 43. Which of the following will speed up the dissolving of a solid solute in water?
a. Cool the solution. b. Freeze the solute. c. shizzle d. Stir the solution.
____ 44. Each substance on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation is a ____.
a. catalyst b. coefficient c. product d. reactant
____ 45. If heat must be added to a chemical reaction for the reaction to take place, the reaction is ____.
a. balanced b. endothermic c. exothermic d. reactant
____ 46. What type of reaction is shown in the following chemical equation: NH3 + HCl ® NH4Cl?
a. decomposition b. double-displacement c. single-displacement d. synthesis
____ 47. When one element replaces another element in a compound, the reaction is a ____ reaction.
a. decomposition b. double–displacement c. single–displacement d. synthesis
____ 48. A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being permanently changed itself is a(n) ____.
a. catalyst b. coefficient c. inhibitor d. reactant
____ 49. The breaking down of a substance into two or more simpler substances is ____.
a. decomposition b. displacement c. a catalyst d. synthesis
____ 50. Each substance to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation is a(n) ____.
a. catalyst b. inhibitor c. reactant d. product
____ 51. A chemical reaction in which heat energy is released is ____.
a. endothermic b. exothermic c. flammable d. a formula
____ 52. Numbers that precede symbols and formulas in a chemical equation are ____.
a. catalysts b. coefficients c. superscripts d. subscripts
____ 53. According to the law of conservation of mass, how does the mass of the products in a chemical reaction compare to the mass of the reactants?
a. There is no relationship. b. The mass of the products is greater. c. The mass of the reactants is greater. d. The masses are equal.
____ 54. A chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form another substance is called a ____.
a. synthesis reaction b. decomposition reaction c. product d. reactant
____ 55. A process that uses a solution of known concentration to find the concentration of another solution is called ____.
a. hydration b. neutralization c. ionization d. titration
____ 56. A(n) ____ is a substance that produces H+ ions in a water solution.
a. acid b. base c. salt d. alcohol
____ 57. A(n) ____ is a substance that produces OH- ions in a solution.
a. acid b. base c. salt d. alcohol
____ 58. ____ measures how acidic or basic a substance is.
a. An ester b. A base c. pH d. The hydronium ion
____ 59. ____ change color in the presence of an acid or a base.
a. Acids b. Glycerins c. Buffers d. Indicators
____ 60. Coffee has a pH of about 5. Coffee is ____.
a. extremely acidic b. extremely basic c. somewhat acidic d. somewhat basic
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
76. Matter found in stars is in the ____________________ phase.
77. Matter is classified as ____________________ and mixtures.
78. A colloid is a ____________________ mixture.
79. Stirring ____________________ the speed of dissolving of a solid in a liquid.
80. Decreasing temperature ____________________ the speed of dissolving for a gas in a liquid.
Short Answer
81. Explain how to make a good boat. Try to use the formula: density = mass / volume Think about the mini-lab we did on making boats. 1 sentence
82. Explain how a hot-air balloon works using Charles’s law.
83. What will happen to the size of a balloon when it is placed in a freezer? Explain.
84. Explain how you could separate a mixture of sand and iron filings.
85. Compare the masses of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
86. Explain why the periodic table is such a useful tool.
87. Use the periodic table to find the name, atomic number, and the average atomic mass of the following elements: F, O, P, S.
88. Give the period and group for each of the following elements: F, O, P, S.
89. What is the name of each of the following elements, and classify it as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid: Na, Ba, Ca, La, Ti, Al, As, At, Ar.
90. Choose one of the following:
A) Italian salad dressing is vinegar, oil, and spices. Is it a colloid or a suspension if it is a heterogenous mixture that will settle (hint it has sat on a shelf for a week)?
B) Give 2 examples of colloids.
91. Draw a picture showing how molecules are situated in a solid, in a liquid, and in a gas.
92. Explain the difference between malleable and ductile.
93. Explain how the adding of a substance, such as antifreeze, to water decreases the freezing point of the water.
94. Explain why increasing the surface area of a solid solute helps dissolve it more quickly.
95. Explain why cities put salt on icy streets.
96. Explain the difference between an exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction.
97. What type of reaction is 2KClO3 ® 2KCl + 3O2?
98. What type of reaction is 2K + 2H2O ® 2KOH + H2?
99. What type of reaction is 2Mg + O2 ® 2MgO?
100. What type of reaction is Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI ® PbI2 + 2KNO3?
101. What factor determines the strength of an acid or a base?
102. How is a weak acid different from a strong acid?
103. What is a buffer?
104. What is an acid?
105. What is a base?
106. What is pH?
107. Identify the following pHs as a strong base, a weak acid, a weak base, or a strong acid: 2, 5, 8, 11.
108. What is the pH of a solution that is neither acidic nor basic?
Problem
109. Draw the Electron Dot Diagrams for elements number 3 - 10. What does the electron dot diagram show you?
Essay
110. Explain how acid rain forms. Describe the effects of acid rain on buildings, wildlife, and plant life.
Phys Study Guide
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. D
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. C
8. D
9. B
10. C
11. D
12. D
13. A
14. B
15. B
16. A
17. A
18. D
19. A
20. D
21. C
22. A
23. D
24. A
25. A
26. D
27. D
28. C
29. D
30. A
31. D
32. B
33. A
34. B
35. B
36. D
37. B
38. C
39. B
40. D
41. C
42. D
43. D
44. D
45. B
46. D
47. C
48. A
49. A
50. D
51. B
52. B
53. D
54. A
55. D
56. A
57. B
58. C
59. D
60. C
COMPLETION
76. plasma
77. substances
78. heterogeneous
79. increases
80. increases
SHORT ANSWER
81. Your boat must have a density of less than 1. Therefore you need to space out the mass over a large volume
82. Charles’s law—as air is heated, it expands;
83. It shrinks; as the temperature of air decreases, the volume of the air decreases.
84. add water, dissolve sugar, strain out sand, evaporate water to recover sugar
85. The mass of a proton and a neutron are about the same, and the electron is about 1,836 times smaller.
86. It shows the relationship among the elements, and it can be used to predict similarities and differences among the elements.
87. F, fluorine, 9, 18.998; O, oxygen, 8, 15.999; P, phosphorus, 15, 30.974; S, sulfur, 16, 32.066
88. F, period 2, Group 17; O, period 2, Group 16; P, period 3, Group 15; S, period 3, Group 16
89. Na, sodium, metal; Ba, barium, metal; Ca, calcium, metal; La, lanthanum, metal; Ti, titanium, metal; Al, aluminum, metal; As, arsenic, metalloid; At, astatine, metalloid; Ar, argon, nonmetal
90. It is a suspension
See Notes on Colloids
91. Molecules in a solid are relatively fixed in position.
Liquid they float around
Gas they are spaced out a whole bunch!!!
92. malleable—hammered or rolled into a sheet; ductile—drawn into a wire
93. Solute particles of antifreeze interfere with the way water particles organize themselves when freezing, the solution freezes, if cold enough, at the lower freezing point.
94. More molecules of solvent can come into contact with more molecules of the solvent.
95. Salt becomes a solution with the water (ice) and the freezing point of the water decreases preventing ice crystals from forming.
96. exothermic: energy given off in a reaction is primarily in the form of heat; endothermic: when the energy needed for a reaction is in the form of heat
97. decomposition
98. single–displacement
99. synthesis
100. double–displacement
101. how completely a compound separates into ions when dissolved in water
102. weak acid—partly ionizes in solution; strong acid—completely, or almost completely, ionizes in solution
103. a solution containing ions that react with acids or bases to minimize their effects on pH
104. a substance that produces hydrogen ions, H+, in a water solution
105. a substance that forms hydroxide ions, OH-, in a water solution, or any substance that accepts H+ from acids
106. a measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution
107. strong acid—2; weak acid—5; weak base—8; strong base—11
108. 7
PROBLEM
109. vary
ESSAY
110. Acid rain is acidic moisture in the air that falls to the ground as rain. Acidic moisture forms when moisture in the air combines with sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. Sulfur oxides are emissions from coal-burning power plants. Nitrogen oxides are emissions from cars. Because it is acidic, acid rain can corrode structures on the ground, such as statues and buildings. Acid rain is also harmful to some living things. Some plants do not grow well when exposed to acidic water. Animals that cannot live in water that is acidic will die if the acid level gets too high.
# posted by Mr. Gibney @ 9:06 AM 
